Activity Plan and Initial Recommendations for Tourism Company Essay

Action Plan and Initial Recommendations for Tourism Company - Essay Example The scientist will be investigating past outcomes and report with the assistance of optional information assortments strategies which will be accumulated from books, diary, web and past report as for the travel industry. Since the thought is to expand the rate going in our objective customers, we will concentrate on poll which will concentrate on questions like recurrence of movement, most loved goals, and so on with these sorts of information we will have the option to comprehend the pattern of our purchasers, their best goals so structure and alter our bundles in like manner. Before the specialist begins the action arranging and exhibits the organization, he needs to assemble the crowd in to introduce it to them. So crowd building is a basic piece of the travel industry. So the main center will assemble another and existing gathering of crowd. Crowd advancement is tied in with placing them in the focal point of the stage and attempting to appreciate what people need; showing our of fice, social occasion or action in a way which is responsive, and inviting; and enabling interest and commitment. Starting late, there has been an extending emphasis on crowd improvement, particularly from Government, open section workplaces and allowance giving structures, for instance, the Lottery funders. The tendency is that making a progressively broad cross-region of help is basic to building future support for the inheritance and that transparently financed associations have a commitment to dazzle with all fragments of the area.

Summary of TWA Flight 800 Accident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Synopsis of TWA Flight 800 Accident - Essay Example The plane detonated roughly 10 minutes after departure , and each of the 230 were killed, with the plane viewed as ‘destroyed’, separating into pieces and colliding with the Atlantic Ocean. The ‘why’ of the mishap is more earnestly to decide, the same number of paranoid notions have sprung up in the right around a long time since the mishap. The official reason recorded by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) was one of â€Å"fuel tank failure†, expressing that the inside wing fuel tank detonated. Despite the fact that no solid reason was resolved for the blast, most conjecture that it was a short out of the wiring outside the fuel tank, which at that point prompted a chain response and separating of the plane when the fuel touched off. After the TWA Flight 800 mishap, measures were taken to keep another mishap from happening like this one. The post-mishap report of the NTSB concentrated on wellbeing issues, expressing that a contributing e lement was the way that there was a warmth source underneath the fuel tank with no real way to cool that source, just as no real way to forestall the fumes that were emitted by the fuel tank from lighting. In 1997, broad tests were never really fuel yield in conditions like Flight 800, just as measure the temperature of the fuel and decide whether it was combustible at those temperatures.

Canterbury Sandwich Shop

Question: Talk about the Canterbury's Sandwich Shop. Answer: Advertising procedure: Canterbury's Sandwich shop is situated in Canterbury-Bankstown, Sydney. Advertising Objectives The Canterbury's Sandwich Shop is situated in Canterbury-Bankstown in Sydney. The shop has been in activity for as far back as two years. As of late, the degree of rivalry in the Suburb town has expanded with new contestants rising in the market. The situation has driven the business to audit its showcasing plan. In light of its present piece of the overall industry and brand value in the neighborhood showcase, the administration thought of the accompanying promoting destinations to augment its activities and gainfulness (Burns Bush, 2009). To get 40% piece of the pie in the Sydney's Canterbury-Bankstown suburb town throughout the following two years. To be a nearby brand that appreciates solid ties with the network. To be considered as the most solid, responsive and the cleanest Sandwich café in Canterbury-Bankstown. To expand the commitment of 15% throughout the following two years. To expand the business volume by 10% consistently throughout the following two years for the current 1,000,000 units for each annum. Showcasing MixStrategy Item Strategy The business will offer its sandwich items to fill two essential needs in the market. Initially, the market needs enhanced and top notch cheap food easily. To satisfy this market need, the Canterbury's Sandwich Shop will give quality sandwiches at a sensible cost. Moreover, there exist a specialty between the individuals who might want to sit tight for their lunch and the individuals who need quick lunch (Lehmann Winer, 2007). The business has enough space with caf tables for the clients to sit and make the most of their dinners. The move is intended to catch more clients from the conventional cafés. Item Offering: The Canterbury's Sandwich shop will offer an assortment of cheap food items, for example, sandwiches, soups, plates of mixed greens, chips, bean stew, soft drinks and treats. The sandwiches are produced using newly toasted bread and exceptional sweet mustard sauce (Reed, 2014). Item Description: All the sandwiches are altered. The clients will appreciate toasted bread, and newly cut cheeses and meat. A portion of the well known dishes that will be offered to the clients are the German bite, Swiss Delight, Spanish Conqueror, American Urban and the American Traditional. Existing Competitors: Canterbury's Sandwich shop primary contenders incorporate the midtown diners, nearby sandwich shops and drive-through joints (Cooke, 2014). The Canterbury-Bankstown suburb involves ten sandwich shops, 20 drive-through eateries and more than 30 nearby sandwich shops. Plainly, the business faces furious rivalry in the market. Be that as it may, with the novel sandwiches, the business is a stage over its rivals. We essentially center around the sound part of the sandwiches. By giving solid and delicious sandwiches, we are hopeful to increase a competitve advantage over different contenders and substitute items (Oliver, 1990). Evaluating Strategy Evaluating Objective The business thinks about cost as a significant serious system. Under typical conditions, shoppers are bound to visit sandwich shops that offer the items at a lower cost. In this way, in a transition to pull in increasingly potential purchasers, we will give our sandwiches as sensible and alluring costs (Hawkins, 2013). In spite of the fact that Canterbury's Sandwich shop does not have the ability to rival settled and greater sandwich shops, we will guarantee that the costs of our sandwiches are reasonable when contrasted with other sandwich shops inside the territory. To keep our costs lower and sensible, we plan to contract with providers who will give crude materials at lower costs which keep up the quality perspective (Lehmann Winer, 2007). Installment Options At Canterbury's Sandwich shop, we utilize a comprehensive installment arrangement in light of the fact that various clients want to utilize distinctive installment alternatives which are helpful to them. We offer diverse installment choices which are esteemed to be advantageous to the entirety of our potential clients. The accompanying installment alternatives are considered fit; Money installment Retail location (POS) Machine Payment Online bank move installment alternative Portable cash installment alternative Check installment from faithful clients Situating Statement For the individuals searching for delicious, quick and amicable sandwiches, the Canterbury's Sandwich shop is a spot to be. We have a perfect seating condition with great food on quick and well disposed administrations which are perfect for our clients (Lehmann Winer, 2007). Advancement Strategy To come to our targetted piece of the pie of 40%, and assemble brand devotion and mindfulness, Canterbury's Sandwich shop will give advancements, occasion sponsorship, and notice in the nearby dailies. The Managing Director (MD) will go about as the organization's representative to the network and target purchasers. Advancement Objectives To build the Canterbury's Sandwich shop brand mindfulness among the 70% of the potential clients by June 2017. As indicated by the brand mindfulness inquire about led by the organization, our sandwiches have 40% mindfulness among the targetted buyers. To advance the Canterbury's Sandwich shop brand as a wellbeing among the clients. To accomplish a 40% brand inclination in the potential market by June 2016. To improve brand exposure among the nearby customers through incorporated limited time blend strategies (McColl?Kennedy, H.M. Yau, Kiel, 2012). Limited time blend Occasion sponsorship, notice in the nearby dailies, advertising, deals advancement, social showcasing are the key, techniques that will be utilized to advance the sandwich brand among Canterbury-Bankstown habitations (Marketing Minds, 2012). Publicizing A few notice decisions have been picked. To begin with, both the radio and TV channels will be utilized to arrive at a huge segment. For example, the 420 FM radio situated in Canterbury will be utilized to arrive at 53% of the segment. While, 420 TV Station will advance the brand among the nearby and Australian watchers. Both the TV and radio are viewed as a suitable apparatus for notice since it will arrive at a bigger topographical area. The targetted crowd will be educated regarding the occasions sorted out by the organization which would prompt improved brand mindfulness (Hollensen, 2015). Second, the organization will utilize public statements and magazines to arrive at the focused on clients who incline toward perusing tuning in to radios or watching TVs. The sound and quality part of the brand will be caught successfully to draw in these shoppers to the item (Ferrell Hartline, 2010). Third, social promoting will be applied too. It is obvious that most occupants of Canterbury-Bankstown have joined web based life locales, for example, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, and Instagram. The Canterbury's Sandwich Shop has just propelled a site, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest pages to interface with its clients (Jain, Haley, Ranjit, Wickham, 2011). Advanced media gives a two-way correspondence opportunity where both the business and the clients will trade data about the brand among themselves. This is a powerful method of making brand devotion. The locales will be utilized to share data about the brand, new items, existing items, composed occasions and drawing in with the clients (Cooke, 2014). Advertising and Event Sponsorship The organization will take part in PR media with its MD as the key representative Mr. Antonio Martins. Martins will openly advocate and advance the organization's items through composed open occasions, meets, and supported occasions (Desmond Stone, 2007). For instance, the organization will participate in wellbeing mindfulness occasions and present its items as solid cordial. In such occasions, Consumers will be urged to take photographs with the business brand and post them in their Social media accounts. This is a powerful method of advancing the brand among the shoppers (Gupta, 2003). Deals Promotions Free examples: The organization will utilize free examples to pull in new clients. The technique would permit the organization to promote its image among the clients who have been utilizing contenders' sandwiches (Oliver, 1990). Reward or Premium Offer The organization will likewise utilize rewards and premium proposals to remunerate its dedicated clients and consequently increment its business volume. Shows and Fairs This is another strategy for advancing brand mindfulness. Item displays and fairs will be sorted out at various market levels to arrive at various kinds of customers. Such occasions will permit the presentation of new items or exhibit the uncommon highlights of the current sauce items (Hawkins, 2013). Get One, Get On Free This is best while advancing a current item in a serious market for a present moment. The procedure will build the quantity of time purchasers spend while utilizing the Sandwich brand (Burns Bush, 2009). Conveyance Strategy The Sandwich brand and different items will be conveyed legitimately to the clients. As such, other dissemination channels won't be utilized for the conveyance purposes (Ferrell Hartline, 2010). Execution The table appended beneath shows the execution of the exercises contained in the advertising plan. Every action contains the beginning and finishing date; Movement Start Date Finish Date Financial plan Reponsibility Canterbury Promotion 1/1/2016 30/6/2016 $700 Chief Wellbeing occasion sponsorship 1/2/2016 31/5/2016 $ 400 Luke Schedudling of business strategic 1/1/2016 1/7/2016 $600 Jack Arranging uncommon offers 1/3/2016 30/7/2016 $2000 Violet Inside Decor 1/1/2016 31/5/2016 $100 Joshua Recruiting and Training Employees 1/2/2016 31/5/2016 $0 Scratch Radio and TV publicizing 1/4/2016 30/7/2016 $1200 Supervisor

Imperial presidency :: essays research papers

Royal Presidency 2 models from nineteenth century - Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus - Jefferson purchased Louisiana, wasn’t his Constitutional right - Jackson separates national bank into numerous â€Å"pet banks† - Jackson constrained out Cherokee Indians significantly after Supreme Court settled on Indian side: â€Å"Supreme Court has settled on their choice; presently let them implement it.† 4 models from twentieth century - FDR proclaimed nonpartisanship however offered Destroyers to Britain (Lend Lease) - Truman stopped a steel factory during Cold War since he didn’t like how it was running - Nixon destroyed official benefit, kept illicit activities mystery until Supreme Court managed it as a criminal examination. (Watergate) - Nixon besieged Cambodia without Congressional endorsement, without congress or individuals knowing, made nation fall under socialism. - Reagan needed to subsidize the Contras in Nicaragua who needed to topple Communist guideline, congress didn't affirm, so he offered weapons to fear based oppressor bunch in Iran and utilized the cash from the offers to fun Contras behind Congress’ back. - After FDR, no other president has endorsement to pronounce wars yet attacked nations at any rate, for example Vietnam, Korea, Afghanistan, and Iraq. 5 components which lead to Imperial Presidents - The world has gotten further developed, Interdependent economy - The changing occasions makes individuals need a ground-breaking president - Foreign approach is fundamental factor, in light of the fact that the choice to do battle (Doctrines) - Gradual change after conditions of crises, for example incredible melancholy, cool war, and now 9/11 - The conviction that U.S. is super force, subsequently pioneer of U.C. ought to be as amazing - The gathering framework self-destructing, party pioneers were powerless, associations were immaterial, and president was the concentration because of media (web, TV) - The rot of gatherings left him with control of political scene - The adjustment in economy, gives government new powers, yet the open door goes to President (FDR’s new arrangement) - Nuclear age gave president valid justification for official benefit in light of the fact that nobody else should know.

Essay On Loss Supported by Relevant Academic Sources - Free Essay Example

Choose one event on loss and construct an academic essay supported by relevant academic sources INTRODUCTION This essay explores my experience of loss and grief after the death of my father in 1997 and how my grieving process relates to theories put forward to explain and deal with bereavement. Hall (2014) suggests that loss and grief are fundamental to human life..Harvey (1998) perceives loss as a life experience relating to something irreversible and emotions towards what is lost. Hall (2014) defines grief as the response to the loss in its totality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including its physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioural and spiritual manifestations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and as a natural and normal reaction to loss. It has been argued that in order to understand grief it is important to understand the role of attachment. Mallon (2008) observed that in order to have loss there must be attachment. As a result many theories of attachment play a major role in bereavement counseling. Bowlby (1980) emphasised the role of attachment in relationships. He suggests that a childs emotional growth will be compromised if the child does not have attachment to a significant other person. The consequences can be that the individual may have difficulties connecting with others. This essay will first explore some of the salient theories on grief and bereavement. Secondly, a discussion of my experiences grieving my fathers death drawing on some key elements of bereavement theories will follow. Finally, a summary of the discussion will conclude the essay. THEORIES OF BEREAVEMENT AND LOSS Freud (1953 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1974) was the first major contributor to the theory of grief. His theory stressed that grieving individuals search for an attachment that has been lost. His work involved the process of breaking the links that bonded the survivor to the deceased. He identified three elements namely: Freeing the bereaved from the bondage to the deceased Readjustment to life without the deceased Building new relationships. Parkes (1971, 1996) argued that Freuds concept of grief was useful in considering grief to be part of a rebuilding process which he calls psychosocial transition. Freud (1953-1974) argued that the grieving experience for the bereaved requires that they acknowledge their separation from the deceased by going through a process that includes painful emotions of guilt and anger. Furthermore, these emotions must be expressed. Key to Freuds approach was the idea that if the bereaved failed to work with or complete their grief work, then the grieving process would become complicated and compromise recovery. This model stresses the importance of moving on as quickly as possible in order to return to normal functioning. Influenced by Freud (1953-1974), several grief theorists including KÃÆ' ¼bler Ross (1969), Bowlby (1980) and Parkes Weiss (1983) conceptualised grief as a process of predictable phases and tasks. One of the most recognised was KÃÆ' ¼bler Ross (1969), who proposed t he five-stage model that constituted the following stages: Shock and denial Anger Resentment and guilt Bargaining Depression and Acceptance. The model insists that failure to complete the stages would result in acute mental health complications. Hall (2014) argues that the stage theories were popular because they suggest a sense of conceptual order while offering hope of recovery and closure. Despite their popularity, most stage theories attracted criticism in the same way that Freuds proposition attracted criticism for their lack of empirical evidence and their rigidity. Furthermore, the stage theories have been challenged for their inability to capture the complex, diverse and multi-faceted nature of the grieving experience. Baxter and Diehl (1998) argue that since grief is considered to be fluid, it is unlikely that individuals are able to go through the stages in a methodical manner as advocated by the stage theorists. In short, they do not take account of factors such as the physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual needs that impact on the bereaved people, their families and intimate networks (Hall 2 014). Despite these criticisms, early stage theories have provided great groundwork and influence on current theories such as the Dual-Processing theory developed by Stroebe and Schut (1999) and Worden (2008). Hall (2014) argues that these theories take account of many of the risks and protective factors identified by research and provide an important context for appreciating the idiosyncratic nature of attachment to the deceased that is lacking in the earlier stage theories. Both models provide frameworks that guide intervention. Richardson and Balaswamy (2001), when evaluating the Dual Processing Model, suggested that avoiding grief can have both positive and negative outcomes. They proposed that this is where bereavement is perceived as including Loss of Orientation and Restoration Orientation. The griever in the loss-orientation is preoccupied with emotions, yearning and ruminating about the deceased, whereas, restoration orientation involves taking over the responsibilities and the roles undertaken by the deceased and making lifestyle changes, setting up a new identity without the deceased (Richardson, 2007; Bennett, 2010a). Worden (2008) suggests that grieving should be considered as an active process that involves engagement with four tasks: Accepting the reality of the loss Processing the pain of grief Adjusting to a world without the deceased (including both internal, external and spiritual adjustments) Finding an enduring connection with the deceased whilst embarking on a new life. To understand what the client is experiencing, Worden identified seven determinants that need to be considered: Who the person who died was The nature of the attachment to the deceased How the person died Historical antecedents Personality variables Social mediators Concurrent stressors EXPERIENCES OF GRIEF In discussing my grieving process, I am going to draw on Wordens (2008) four tasks indicated above. The seven determinants indicated above will be used to guide the discussion and interpret the experience utilising relevant theoretical perspectives. i. To accept the reality of the loss I was in the UK undertaking my nursing course when my father died in Zimbabwe from a sudden heart related problem. I was informed early in the morning soon after my brother received news of his death. Since I was living alone, I had to make several phone calls home to confirm his death and to ascertain how he died and establish why more was not done. I remember crying but the tears did not correspond to my emotions. For a long time I felt detached from my feelings. My emotions appeared to be bottled up and were difficult to release. My immediate response to the news reflects Bowlby and Parkes (1970)s proposed first stage of grief where the individual experiences numbness, shock, and denial. I h ad always dreaded the day my father would die. I remember pacing up and down my bedroom, feeling very alone and helpless. During one of the calls from my brother, he mentioned that he needed me there. That was the time that I realised that this was real. It was at this moment that I started to call friends and informing them of the news. I cannot remember most of what happened but I remember one of my friends took over and made the necessary travel arrangements and spoke to my family in Zimbabwe. I believe that I only accepted the loss much later when I found that I could not share with him that I had bought a beautiful house. I desperately needed his comments and praises. My letter with the surprise information and pictures was in the post box when he passed away. ii. To process the pain of grief I believe I experienced the pain of losing my father when I returned to the UK after going through three weeks of the funeral and other rituals related to death in my culture. The cu ltural rituals are a mixed bag of tears, laughter, praying, singing and sharing memories and kinship with the deceased. This, to a large extent, eased me into the grieving process. However, the real pain of his loss took place when I returned to the UK where I could grieve in private. I found myself avoiding friends and other associates. It was as if my identity had been taken away and that made me tearful. This echoes the suggestion by Caserta and Lund (1992) that the bereaved may have to redefine their identity. Prompting questions like Who am I now that I am no longer a daughter? Hall (2011) and Caserta and Lund (1992) suggest that this can set in motion a process of re-learning ourselves and the world. On reflection, friends and associates reminded me of the me that I had lost. The pain would come and go. I often cried on my own. The crying and anxiety concurs with Bowlbys proposition that loss of the affectional attachment results in emotional disturbances such as anxiety, cryi ng and anger (Freeman, 2005). I experienced this for over a year and felt lost. Although functioning, I was no longer myself. I started having frequent dreams of my father and would look forward to going to bed where I could be with my father. iii. To adjust to a world without the deceased It is difficult to identify exactly when it was that I adjusted to a life without my father. It took a long time. Although we lived far from each other, my father played a major role in most of my decisions and reassurances. Two events contributed to my adjustment. Firstly, my mother encouraged me to register for a Masters course that I was talking myself out of. Suddenly, I saw my fathers qualities in her. The security and trust I had in my father had transferred to my mother. Secondly, crying uncontrollably at a church in the UK the day I received news that my brother had died in a car accident. On reflection I realised that although I was crying for the loss of my brother, I was also fina lly crying for my father. Taking over care for my brothers children added to the adjustment of living without my father. iv. Finding an enduring connection with the deceased whilst embarking on a new life Being ancestral believers, the bond between my late father and me remains but it manifests in a different form to the bond we had when he was alive. I believe that spiritually, my father and my forefathers protect me and help me achieve my ambitions by chasing away bad spirits and creating luck and opportunities for me. My family and I participate in cultural rituals in remembrance of him and our forefathers. Psychologically, my bond with my father remains as he continues to be my role model. As a result, I dedicate most of my achievements to him. This continued connection and perceived role played by my father 18 years after his death confirm Datson and Marwits (1997) argument that continued bonds with deceased can have positive outcomes. Therefore, letting go is not necessa rily the requirement for successful grieving. According to Hall (2014) this idea represents recognition that death ends a life, not necessarily a relationship. CONCLUSION The discussion above illustrates that the theoretical perspectives of loss and bereavement have developed from emotional attachment to more holistic approaches. These theories not only carry on the influences of the early work focused on emotions and attachment but take account of the social, economic, cultural and spiritual needs experienced by bereaved people. Significantly, these theories do not center letting go as a requirement of successful grieving. On the contrary, a continued bond with the deceased can be positive. My experience largely confirmed the complexity of the grieving process. Some of the experiences indicated above confirmed some of the early theorists observations such as the emotional rollercoaster and the early stage theorists suggestions of shock in the early stages. I did not however experience the full stages of grieving in chronological order, and the experience was by no means quick. Factors such as my culture and spiritual beliefs contributed significant ly to my grieving process and influenced the outcome of my continued bond with father. In view of this it can be argued that there is a place for the different approaches to loss and bereavement in supporting bereaved people. However, the multi-cultural society encouraged by globalisation requires that we take account of the wider aspects of the bereavement process. REFERENCES Baxter, E. A. and Diehl, S. (1998). Emotional stages: Consumers and family members recovering from the trauma of mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 21(4) Bennett, K. M. (2010a). You cant spend years with someone and just cast them aside: Augmented identity in older British widows. Journal of Women and Aging, 22, (3), 204-217 Bennett, K. M. (2010b). How to achieve resilience as an older widower: Turning points or gradual change? Ageing and Society, 30 (03), 369-382. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. Volume 3, Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books Bowlby, J. and Parkes, C. M. (1970). Separation and loss within the family. In E. J. Anthony C. Koupernik (Eds.), The child in his family: International Yearbook of Child Psychiatry and Allied Professions (pp. 197-216), New York: Wiley Caserta, M. S. and Lund D. A. (1992). Bereavement stress and coping among older adults: Expectations versus the actual experience. Omega, 25, 33-45. Dat son, S. L. and Marwit, S. J. (1997). Personality constructs and perceived presence of deceased loved ones. Death Studies, 21 , 131 -146 Freud, S. (1953/1974). Mourning and melancholia. In J. Strachey (Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14). London: Hogarth. (Original work published in 1917.) Freeman, S. (2005). Grief and Loss: Understanding the Journey. Belmont, CA: Thompson Brooks/ Cole. Hall, C. (2011). Beyond Kubler-Ross: Recent developments in our understanding of grief and bereavement.Retrieved June 19, 2015, from https://www.psychology.org.au/publications/inpsych/2011/december/hall/ Hall, C, 2014. Bereavement theory: recent developments in our understanding of grief and bereavement, Bereavement Care, 33:1, 7-12, .Retrieved June 19, 2015, from:https://www.psychology.org.au/publications/inpsych/2011/december/hall/ Harvey J. H. (1998). Perspectives on Loss, a Sourcebook. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis K ÃÆ' ¼bler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying . New York: Springer Mallon, B. (2008). Attachment and loss, death and dying. Theoretical foundations for bereavement counselling. In Praise for the Book: Dying, death and grief: Working with adult bereavement. (pp. 4-17). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Parkes, C. M. (1971). Psycho-Social Transitions: A field for study. Social Science and Medicine, 5. 101-115 Parkes, C. M. (1996). Bereavement: Studies of Grief in Adult Life (3rd Ed.). London, London: Routledge Parkes C. M. and Weiss R. S. (1983). Recovery from bereavement. New York: Basic Books. Richardson, V. E. (2007). A dual process model of grief counseling: Findings from the Changing Lives of Older Couples (CLOC) studyJournal of Gerontological Social Work, 48 (3/4), 311-329. Richardson, V. E. and Balaswamy, S. (2001). Coping with bereavement among elderly widowers. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 43 (2), 129-144. Stroebe M. S. and Schut, H. (1999). The dua l process model of coping with bereavement: rationale and description. Death Studies 23(3) 197-224. Worden J. W. (2008). Grief counseling and grief therapy: a handbook for the mental health practitioner (4th ed.). New York: Springer

Recruitment Coursework - 550 Words

Recruitment (Coursework Sample) Content: RecruitmentStudent NameInstitution AffiliationRecruitmentCARE International is a non-governmental organization that began by distributing care packages with food and other essential necessities to individuals in need after world war two in Europe. Since then, their aims have shifted mainly because they now help over 12,000 people in over 87 nations tackle the challenge of worldwide poverty.Essentially, recruitment is the process of recognizing that a company requires hiring somebody up to the point at which applications forms for the position have been successfully received by the enterprise. Selection, therefore, entails the processes involved in selecting the many potential employees the suitable candidate to fill the position.Recruiting internally uplifts the morale of the workers since they feel like the company is rewarding hard work by giving them an opportunity for more responsibilities. Furthermore, internal recruiting means fewer costs to the organization co mpared to external recruiting (Pynes, 2013). On the other hand, internal recruitment provides limited choice of talent available in the company as it does not allow the arrival of new candidates from outside.It is important to recruit externally because it makes it possible to draw upon a broad range of talents and provides an opportunity to get new experiences and the much-needed ideas into the organization. On the other hand, external recruitment is a little expensive, and the organization may end up with a candidate who proves to be less effective in practice than they do on paperIn conclusion,... Recruitment Coursework - 550 Words Recruitment (Coursework Sample) Content: RecruitmentStudent NameInstitution AffiliationRecruitmentCARE International is a non-governmental organization that began by distributing care packages with food and other essential necessities to individuals in need after world war two in Europe. Since then, their aims have shifted mainly because they now help over 12,000 people in over 87 nations tackle the challenge of worldwide poverty.Essentially, recruitment is the process of recognizing that a company requires hiring somebody up to the point at which applications forms for the position have been successfully received by the enterprise. Selection, therefore, entails the processes involved in selecting the many potential employees the suitable candidate to fill the position.Recruiting internally uplifts the morale of the workers since they feel like the company is rewarding hard work by giving them an opportunity for more responsibilities. Furthermore, internal recruiting means fewer costs to the organization co mpared to external recruiting (Pynes, 2013). On the other hand, internal recruitment provides limited choice of talent available in the company as it does not allow the arrival of new candidates from outside.It is important to recruit externally because it makes it possible to draw upon a broad range of talents and provides an opportunity to get new experiences and the much-needed ideas into the organization. On the other hand, external recruitment is a little expensive, and the organization may end up with a candidate who proves to be less effective in practice than they do on paperIn conclusion,...

Realism And The Cold War - 843 Words

What is Realism? Realism is defined in the book as a school of thought that explains international relations in terms of power. This basically means that realism is a political view on global issues that puts stress on both the conflict side and the competition side in the scenarios. â€Å"Realists tend to treat political power as separate from, and predominant over, morality, ideology, and other social and economic aspects of life† (Goldstein 44). Now after learning all this information about realism, the question being asked is does it do a good job of explaining the end of the Cold War? Everyone can have their own answers and reasonings behind why they think it does or doesn t explain it well enough. Realists view the Cold War as an attempt to keep the balance of power between the states and inside the states themselves. Neither states were able to dominant over everything or declare all out war against each other, therefore both the United States and the USSR would dominate international relations without a lot of conflict occurring. In my opinion, I would say yes, realism does do a good job explaining the ending of the Cold War. Based on the history of the Cold War and what realism is, I came to this conclusion because no country took control over the other and leadership issues caused problems inside the USSR. When the Cold War first began in 1940s, both super-powered sides were ran by two leaders; who had full control over everything involving the state. TheShow MoreRelatedStructural Realism After The Cold War853 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Structural Realism after the Cold War,†1 and Andrew Moravcsik s â€Å"Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal Theory of International Politics,†2 it is clear that theories presented in each (Realism and Liberalism) are at odds with one another in many ways. 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Realism has dominated international relations theory since emerging in the 1930’s. The era of state conflict lasting from the 1930’s to the end of the cold war in 1947, proved the perfect hostile environment to fit the largely pessimistic view of world politics. While many aspects of realism are still alive in InternationalRead MoreThe Cold War And Initiation Of Neoliberalism Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesframeworks including realism, liberalism, and idealism; furthermore, each has emerged into new schools of thought after the conclusion of the Cold War. The liberal school of thought has inherited many developments and new features since 1989. The ending of the Cold War and initiation of neoliberalism was expected to lead to a decline in conflict and result in a cooperating international system under the anarchic system. In addition, to the new features of liberalism, new features of realism (neorealism)Read MoreThe Spy and The Bravo785 Words   |  3 Pagessuch as, t he Cold War, which will be discussed in this essay and how it became to influence the writing of spy fiction and how it built its popularity in the literature world. The Cold War emerged in 1946 due to the tension between the western powers (USA, UK, Europe and Canada) and the Soviet Union, which included the Russian communist. Shortly after the Second World War ended, the Soviet Union refused to remove its forces in areas of Europe that they have taken over during the war. This causedRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Approaches1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States (U.S.) uses two approaches to their foreign policy. The first approach is realism. This viewpoint stresses that the principal actors, states, will pursue their own interests in an anarchical world. States will try to establish a balance of power that restrains aggressive states from dominating weaker ones. The second approach is idealism. This view stresses that states should transform the system into a new internationa l order where peace can prevail. This approach emphases theRead MoreChallenges of Realism816 Words   |  3 Pagespursuit of power may lead to some unforeseeable consequences, such as wars or terrorism. Realism often meets some challenges especially in the issue of September 11 and the end of cold war. In the following essay, it is divided into three major parts. Firstly, I will illustrate the background information of realism in international relationship. Secondly, I will talk about the situation of September 11 and the end of cold war separately. At last, I discuss the reason of September 11 gives a greaterRead MoreThe Realist Way Of Looking At The International System Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesmeasured in power. To better understand how war acts as a means to this end, scholars have proposed many theories. The three most plausible theories are offensive realism, the power transitions theory, and defensive realism. After applying these theories—offensive realism, power transitions, and defensive realism—to World War I and the Cold War, this paper examines them in the context of the present climate of Eastern Europe, and argues that while great power war will likely occur in the next fifteenRead MoreThe Cold War And The Collapse Of The Soviet Union987 Words   |  4 Pagesexplain the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Two prominent political theories which I will explore throughout this essay are the Realist and Idealist theory. No one theory is completely correct, as many different factors must be considered regarding the collapse of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War. For example, one essential influence to the end of the Cold War was the role of nuclear weapons and how they were used. I believe that realism does in fact do a good job

Why Do Some Employees But Not Others, Become Victims Of...

Why do some employees but not others, become victims of bullying and workplace harassment? Introduction In today’s competitive world where every single person is trying to be better than his/her peers or subordinates, the instances of workplace aggression leading to workplace bullying and workplace harassment are very common. Work organizations are like any other social setting where scarce resources, competition, time constraints to complete goals, personality of individuals often leads to workplace bullying and workplace harassment. Bullying and harassment are situations where a worker or supervisor is systematically mistreated and victimized by fellow workers or supervisors through repeated negative acts like insulting remarks and ridicule, verbal abuse, offensive teasing, isolation and social exclusion, or the constant degrading of ones’s work and efforts (Einarsen). The literature has shown that employees who are victims of workplace bullying and harassment show more negative well-being (anxiety, depression, irritation, psychosomatic complaints) and tend to be neurot ic and less agreeable, conscientious and extravert. Edelmann and Woodall (1997) found some initial effects of bullying include: a loss of confidence (reported by 44.2 per cent); physical ailments (38.4 per cent); and stress (37.2 per cent). Most long-term effects included physical or psychological ill-health (53.5 per cent), inability to cope (21.5 per cent), and low self-esteem (19.8 per cent). FurthermoreShow MoreRelatedBullying in the Workplace2514 Words   |  11 PagesBullying in the workplace is one of the most significant challenges facing companies today. According to the Waitt Institute for Violence Prevention nearly half (49%) of all workers in the United States have been a victim or witnessed abusive behavior towards an employee (www.workplacebullying.org). Bullying in the workplace is similar to childhood bullying, but workplace bullies often operate within established policies of their companies. They commit deliberate acts against employees or co-workersRead MoreCa uses And Solutions Of Bullying1695 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of and Solutions to Bullying Introduction Bullying is a purposeful attempt by an individual to control others through verbal, physical, or emotional abuse. Although the practice has been in the American society for long, the recent statistics, especially in learning institutions and workplaces, are worrying. About 27.8 percent of school-going children are affected by bullying each year, with approximately 160,000 of them staying at home every day. They experience poor school adjustment, depressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace On Health And Wellbeing Of Their Employees1508 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, workplace bulling is prevalent in all organisations across all industries, and it is of utmost importance for organisations to protect the health and wellbeing of their employees. Workplace bullying includes verbal, physical, psychological or social abuse by an employer or colleague at work. Rousseau et al (2015, p.287) define workplace bullying as ‘repeated occurrences of negative acts over a sustained durationâ₠¬â„¢ in which victims are unable to defend themselves. Furthermore, Randall (citedRead MoreComparison Matrix Paper 1010 Words   |  5 Pages Comparison Matrix Paper Introduction This paper compares three studies on workplace bullying. The studies were conducted because workplace bullying is an epidemic that needs to be addressed and it needs to be understood to help future organizations prevent workplace bullying.   Article one† Individual and situational predictors of the workplace bullying: why do perpetrators engage in the harassment of others (Hauge, Skogstad Einarsen, 2009). Authors: Lars Johan Hauge, Anders Skogstad, Read MoreHarassment At Fox Valley Tech2547 Words   |  11 PagesHARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE PREPARED FOR: MR.RICH KESTER INSTRUCTOR AT FOX VALLEY TECH PREPARED BY: ELIZABETH LUEBKE STUDENT AT FOX VALLEY TECH APRIL7, 2015 WRITTEN COMMUNICATION CLASS April 3,2015 Elizabeth S Luebke 519 Washington Ave Neenah, WI 54956 Dear Mr. Rich Kester: This letter sheds light on one of the biggest problems people face in the workplace today. I believe you will find based on my research, that there is a need for awareness of this problem and we need to showRead MoreQuestions and Answer About Bullying, Types of Justice and Motivation1484 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1. Workplace bullying demonstrates a lack of which one of the three types of organizational justice? Question 2 What aspects of motivation might workplace bullying reduce? For example, are there likely to be effects on an employee’s self-efficacy? If so, what might those effects be? Workplace bullying demonstrates a lack of which one of the three types of organizational justice? According to Jerald Greenberg, organizational justice is refers to an employee’s perception of theirRead MoreThe Psychological and Physical Effects of Bullying in the Workplace2094 Words   |  9 Pages Workplace Bullying This case study will focus on the psychological and physical effects of being bullied in the workplace both in person and through social media outlets. Until recently, I feel like workplace bullying has been seen as playful teasing. But people are now realizing that bullying is bullying and it is unacceptable regardless of one’s age or occupational position. This bullying ruins people’s lives and tears their confidence down. People are driven to quit their jobs or even go asRead MoreBullying And Toxic Managers Article Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle focus on several aspects of bullying in the workplace. The Special Case of Bullies and Toxic Managers article focus on bullying in the workplace. Managers who bullied will threaten employees through humiliation and intimidation if they don’t follow orders. According to the Workplace Bullying Institute survey â€Å"27 percent of Americans have suffered abusive conduct at work; another 21 percent have witnesse d it; and 72 percent are aware that workplace bullying occurs. These numbers can affect organizationsRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And The Workplace3373 Words   |  14 Pages Workplace Bullying By 4 Seasons http://static.selfdeprecate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Christie-bully-new-jersey-cartoon.jpg By: David Lam, Jolly Pandaya, Tavric Chance, and Sharon Jusczak Table of Contents What is workplace bullying and where does it come from? 3 Workplace bullying 3 History of workplace bullying 3 Damages cause by bullying 3 Facts about work bullying 3 What constitutes workplace bullying? 3 Mean boss vs. bully 3 Physical and psychological effects 4 Non-verbal characteristicsRead MoreToxicity in the Workplace3766 Words   |  16 PagesThe Toxic Workplace Organizational Behaviour Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the inter-relationship of incivility and toxicity, how bullies are able to become toxic managers, and how they are allowed to develop in a toxic organization. We also analyze the development of organizational pain and how toxin handlers deal it with. Finally, we hope to assess if there is any validity to claims that ‘Generation Z’ is responsible for the recent prevalence of workplace toxicity

An Article On The National Marriage Project - 880 Words

This article from the National Marriage Project was definitely an intriguing read. It is really astonishing to see all of the statics about marriage, cohabitation, and even divorce. One things that stood out to me in the article, were the graphs. I have always been someone that likes to see visuals. The graphs compare the difference, regarding marriage, between least educated, moderately educated, and highly educated individuals. Throughout all of the data and statistics, one things is certain: The importance of marriage has declined over the years. Although statistics may seem skewed at times, the statistics in this article seem to be very true. The studies have shown that the well educated tend to have more successful marriages and a more stable relationship than the others. Marriage seems to be heading in the direction of luxury. It seems as if, through research, that many couples are successful if they have all of the adequate means that the well educated men and women have. As w e look at the statistics, unsuccessful marriages were typically detected within the least educated. Over the past several years, this has spread to the moderately educated. Some of these moderately educated men and women feel as if they are not economically ready and fit to start a family. Several years ago, it was seen that most unsuccessful marriages were seen in the least educated, but unfortunately, this is spreading into the moderately educated. It is extremely eye opening to see howShow MoreRelatedWhat s Happening Of Marriage?884 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is a very common thing in today’s society, but along with the popularity of marriage comes divorces that end marriages. With divorce becoming more common, men may second guess popping the question or women might think twice about saying yes. With divorce making an appearance more often in marriage it is a given that today’s marriages have changed, and there is all time high divorce rate to prove it. In t he article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage?† by The National Marriage Project, providesRead MoreDifferences Between Conservatives And Liberals987 Words   |  4 PagesIn the project that I m doing, my goal is to understand and explain the differences between Conservatives and Liberals as well as how their differences will cause issues within the political process of lawmaking in the United States. Along with doing this, my project will make the attempt of discovering whether most Americans truly understand their political parties motives and follow them based on their own beliefs or not. It s clear that Conservatives and Liberals will oppose each other on almostRead MoreIs Marriage Still Relevant?1701 Words   |  7 PagesIs Marriage Still Relevant? Many things have changed over the course of time. Change ranges from what people wear to how people talk. Change in inevitable, but one of the largest changes is the relevancy of marriage. Marriage has changed greatly over time, the help of many outside influences. Due to the changes of culture and influences, the institution or act of marriage is irrelevant because, marriage is no longer needed to classify gender roles, it is no longer needed for some legal rights, it’sRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Under International Law1219 Words   |  5 PagesSame-sex marriage is a very controversial topic around the world. This is because people have mixed views about the issue at hand. Religion plays a big part in people’s view points on the matter. However, the question is should same sex marriage be legal under international law? Same-sex marriage should be legal under international law because everybody has the right to get married without legal discriminatio n. More and more governments each year around the world are considering legalizing same-sexRead MorePrevalence And Growth Of Cohabitation756 Words   |  4 Pagesby Jennifer Ludden, a correspondent on NPR’s National Desk, reported on the study conducted by National Marriage Project and the Institute for American Values. The study reported that children from cohabiting parents are at risk for problems ranging from trouble in school to psychological stress, physical abuse, and poverty. From my understanding, there seem to be no gaps or omissions in the research. Cohabitation and Child Wellbeing, a research article, by Wendy D. Manning, a distinguished researchRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Laramie 1450 Words   |  6 Pagesleft to die, prompting a countrywide debate about crime, hate, and homophobia. 30 days after the incident, Moses Kaufman, a director and writer with the New York City theater group the Tectonic Theater Project, shifted to Laramie to prepare for an upcoming production. (Teman, 2016). The Laramie Project is in many cases referred to as docudrama, a play that is highly based on real facts. To such a point, the play comprises all work of nonfiction. Although the major elements of the play are founded onRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage: A Human Right912 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are nearly 9 million LGB individuals (Gates 1). Despite this, same-sex marriage is only legalized in seventeen out of fifty states, as well as the District of Columbia (Freedom to Marry). In thirty-three states, the government has decided that it has the power to intervene in who its citizens want to marry and love, as if they could decide our friends and family. Though the question is often â€Å"Why should same-sex marriage be legalized?† no one seems to wonder â€Å"Why should I, or anyone else, haveRead MoreEssay Cohabitation, Marriage, and Divorce1239 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen perceived as the stepping stone to marriage by the modern generation. In Whitman, (2003), cohabitation has grown so widely that there is one cohabiting couple out of 7 marriages in 2010 as compared to 1 out of 90 marriages in 1960. According to her, the attitude towards the whole of marriage institution has changed drastically over time. In the same article, currently in the US, of 3 single women, 1 chooses to live with their partners before marriage as compared to the 1950’s where only 1 outRead MoreThe Role Of Globalisation On Emergence, Development And Outcomes Of Social Movements1515 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of globalisation o n emergence, development and outcomes of social movements that seek to protect human rights. (60 words) Case One of the most serious human rights violations are forced child marriages. Child marriage is defined as a formal marriage or informal union before age 18. Forced marriages have a strong affect on women s and children’s rights to education, health, equality, and life that is free from violence and exploitation. The basic human rights for freedom, education and healthRead MoreThe Impact Of Family Formation Change On The Cognitive, Social, And Emotional Well Being Of The Next Generation1031 Words   |  5 PagesAmato, P. R. (2005). The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social, and emotional well-being of the next generation. Journal of Marriage and Child Wellbeing, 15 (2), 75-90. Retrieved from: www.futureofchildren.org. This journal explains that researchers, such as Amato, have several theories that explain why and how children growing up with single parents have an elevated risk of experiencing problems. Some of these problems include cognitive thinking, social interaction and the

Reflection Of Faith Based Nursing Essay - 1266 Words

Faith Based Nursing Following the Servant Christ, the early church took on the task of caring for and visiting the sick. A very important part of the church’s ministry from the beginning, has been healing and spiritual couseling. Parish Nursing began with the early work of deaconesses and other religious sisters who worked in parishes to provide whole person health promotion with an emphasis on spiritual care. The contemporary side of Parish Nursing was conceptualized by Reverend Granger Westberg as a result of his work with Holistic Health Centers in the 1970 s. In 1984 Reverend Westberg approached Lutheran General Health System, Park Ridge, Illinois, with the idea of partnering with local congregations in a parish nurse project. This resulted in six nurses being hired to work with six congregations. Represented in the six churches were two Roman Catholic Churches and four in the Lutheran and Methodist Churches (Vukelich, 2002). Today, the United States, Canada and many other parts of the world have Parish Nurses that are serving in the faith communities. When faith-based communities, parish nurses and community nurses form a partnership, the entire community will benefit from this partnership. Benefits of community nurses partnering with faith-based communities and parish nurses can help fill the gap in health services to poor and medically underserved individuals. By forming these partnerships we will have more people involved in the promotion of health andShow MoreRelatedReflection Of Reflection And Reflective Practice1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate my understanding of reflection and reflective practice. Reflection means that we learn by thinking about our experiences and seeing them in a different way. (Dewey, 1938) suggested that, ‘we learn by doing and realising what came of what we did’. Nurses experience physical, hands on, during their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then practice standards will deteriorate. ReflectiveRead MoreCommunity and Public Nursing Reflection Paper890 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity and Public Health Nursing Reflection Lorraine Gambino NUR/405 May 6, 2013 Bonnie Schoettle Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Incorporating preventative recommendations into clinical work can be a complicated and multidimensional obligation. According to Silva, Cashman, Kunte, amp; Candib, â€Å"addressing preventative recommendation alone for patients in a typical day requires in excess of 7.4 hours† (2012). Health care providers are also aware that within the communityRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Paper Is To State My Personal Mission1138 Words   |  5 Pagesit relates to my nursing care as an RN. I have learnt from my sixteen years of experience as an RN, the importance of educating the patients and taking some time to interact with them and their family members. It helps in creating a trustworthy relationship with the patients and their family members. I will explain my interpretation of the Vanguard University’s mission statement and how it may incorporate into my professional practice. I will provide an example of how my nursing care aligned withRead MoreAfaf Ibrahim Meleis Theories of Nursing1538 Words   |  6 PagesEgyptian-American nursing educator and scientist. The main focus of her scholarship was global health, international and immigrant health, womens health and theoretical development of the nursing discipline. The main focus of her teaching is on the structure and organization of nursing knowledge, international nursing and transitions and health. She defined nursing as being concerned with experiences and process of human beings who are undergoing transitions. Therefore her definition of nursing is the facilitationRead MoreThe Caring Theory Of Nursing958 Words   |  4 Pages The Caring Theory of Nursing Oluwakemi Ajiboye Kaplan University The writer of this paper believes that caring is the basis for the decisions that nurses make in their daily practice. Health care professionals such as nurses care a lot about their clients or patients. Reflection makes nurses to care for their patients successfully while increasing their empathy for future practice. Nursing is linked to the concept of care â€Å"as nurses provide nursing care in order to help people promote andRead MoreNursing Simulation Reflection Paper1317 Words   |  6 Pages Simulation Reflection Anything†¦ the word I professed some time ago. I prayed the prayer that I would do anything. The woman who tends to always be in a state of trepidation, prayed that she would do anything for Him. From that one word, many plans surfaced. I had hoped that it was just spontaneous thoughts and that they did not mean anything. Among the list, was the idea of becoming a nurse. It was an outlandish notion. How on earth could I be a nurse? Somehow that random thought has turnedRead MoreAnalysis Of Four Major Nursing Theories1164 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Four Major Nursing Theories and Florence Nightingale Nursing concepts, philosophies, and theories are the foundation of nursing practice (Alligood, 2014). According to Alligood (2014), these concepts, philosophies, and theories were formed by nursing theorists that have impacted the nursing profession as their theories reflect nursing’s development through time. An understanding of the similarities and differences among nursing theories will peak a learners’ interest and desire toRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Human Caring1361 Words   |  6 Pagesto guide and direct nursing care as well as to improve nursing practice through a better understanding of the role and function of the professional nurse. It is an important theory to the nursing world because it brings meaning and focus to nursing as an emerging discipline and distinct health profession that has its own unique values, knowledge, and practices. It is important to our group because we read an article on infertile women in Turkey and the case studies were ba sed on the Theory of HumanRead MoreProfessional Nurse Practice Act ( Bsn ) Curriculum1347 Words   |  6 PagesScience in Nursing (BSN) curriculum with emphasis on essential human and capital resources, curriculum design, and theoretical underpinnings. To ensure congruency with relevant professional nursing standards, the proposal incorporates Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE, 2013) accreditation standards and the Georgia (GA) Registered Nurse (RN) Professional Nurse Practice Act (2013). The plan builds on self-assessment findings completed as part of Grand Canyon University’s nursing educationRead MoreEmotional Intelligence and Reflective Practice are Integral Components of Building a Therapeutic1300 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Reflective Practice are Integral Components of Building a Therapeutic Relationship in Nursing. Emotional Intelligence, also known as ‘EI’, is defined as the ability to recognize, authoritize and evaluate emotions. The ability to control and express our own emotions is very important but so is our ability to understand, interpret and respond to the emotions of others. To be emotionally intelligent one must be able to perceive emotions, reason with emotions, understand emotions

Analysing the Comparing Financial Statements of two competing Business

Question: Different roles of the financial and management accounting: How does the income statement affect the Balance Sheet? How does the income statement affect the Balance Sheet? How the regulatory environment of accounting impacts on business, commerce and society: Answer: How does the income statement affect the Balance Sheet? The bottom line of the income and the basic purpose of the income statement is the derivation of the net income. The income statement starts with the listing of the revenues and then listing with the matching expenses with the same. The matching concept requires the balancing of the income sand the revenues as against each other. If the revenues of the company exceeds the expenses, then the company earned a profit but if the company has more expenses than the revenues, it has suffered a loss. The amount that is derived is added to the amount of the retained earnings in the section of the stockholders equity and is then reported on the balance sheet. The financial statements is the summary of what has happened during the year. The components of the same are the income statements, retained earnings, balance sheet and the statement of cash flows. Each of the statement summarizes a different aspect of the organization. The income statement shows the income and the expenses that have been earned during the year. The balance sheet shows the position of the assets of the organization and the cash flow statement shows the position of cash during the year. (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015) (Wall Street Prep, 2015) How the regulatory environment of accounting impacts on business, commerce and society: It is the regulatory that has forced the business to disclose each and every aspect of it to the public. The companies are being asked to publish all the details with regard to the environment and the cost along with the financial accounts under the new set of the rules that are being discussed with the organizations that sets up the accounting standards. The business are duty bound to account for the impacts of the local quality of water, plants and the animals. The companies are causing a vast amount of damage to the living beings on the planet and the environment and they are bound by duty to disclose the amount of the damage that they are causing. Along with that they have to report the initiatives that they are undertaking in order to preserve the environment. The people think about the primary industries such as the agriculture forests, fisheries etc. (Jowit, 2010) The regulations have required the businesses to disclose everything to the public since after the scandals like Enron, Lehman Brothers, and the confidence of the public has been somewhat lost and in order to gain it back, it is really important to introduce the regulatory environment. (Baruch.cuny.edu, 2015) Financial statements of the coffee companies: Both the companies serve food and beverages. The following are the calculated ratios on the basis of which the investment decision shall be made: Particulars Caf Palomino Dew Drops Coffee and Bistro Liquidity ratios: Current assets 167000 195,408 Current liabilities 81,650 169,408 Current ratio 2.04531537 1.153475633 Current assets-inventory 142000 143,798 Current liabilities 81,650 169,408 Quick ratio 1.739130435 0.848826502 Profitability ratios: Net income 116,200 105,420 Total assets 1,301,450 1,291,158 Return on assets 8.93% 8.16% Net income 116,200 105,420 Shareholders equity 569,800 561,150 Return on equity 20.39% 18.79% Caf Palomino has a higher current ratio that the company will be in a position to better cater to the short term needs of the company whereas Dew Drops Coffee and Bistro does not enjoy a very good current ratio. Caf Palomino has a higher quick ratio that the company will be in a position to better cater to the short term needs of the company whereas Dew Drops Coffee and Bistro does not enjoy a very good quick ratio. Caf Palomino has a higher return on assets which shows that the company is able to utilize the assets in the most efficient way whereas Dew Drops Coffee and Bistro is not utilizing its assets in the most efficient way. Caf Palomino has a higher return on equity which shows that the company is able to utilize the money of the shareholders in the most efficient way whereas Dew Drops Coffee and Bistro is not utilizing the money of its shareholders in the most efficient way. Therefore, in the nutshell, it would be correct to say that from the point of view of an investor, the investment in Caf Palomino would be better. From the point of an investor, the investment is able to multiply and give some return on his investment would be better and from that point, the investment in Caf Palomino would prove to the most profitable. References: Accountingtools.com, (2015). What is the difference between financial and managerialaccounting? - Questions Answers - Accounting Tools. [Online] Available at: https://www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-is-the-difference-between-financial-and-managerial-acco.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Baruch.cuny.edu, (2015). Changes in the Regulatory Environment and their Effects on Audits and Auditors - The Saxe Lectures in Accounting. [Online] Available at: https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/library/alumni/online_exhibits/digital/saxe/saxe_2008/wood_05_09_11.htm [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Joint, J. (2010). Accounting rules could force businesses to disclose environmental impact. [Online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jul/13/accounting-business-environmental-impact [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015). How Items on the Income Statement Affect the Balance Sheet. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/items-income-statement-affect-balance-sheet-56643.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Small Business - Chron.com, (2015). The Differences between Financial Accounting Management Accounting. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-between-financial-accounting-management-accounting-3985.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015]. Wall Street Prep, (2015). "How are the financial statements linked together?" | Wall Street Prep. [Online] Available at: https://www.wallstreetprep.com/how-are-the-financial-statements-linked-together/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2015].

Effective Communication Barriers

Question: Discuss about theEffective Communication Barriers. Answer: Introduction Communication is the major form of connecting people from one end to another. Communication plays a big role not only in the field of businesses but also in social life. Basically there are two types of communication one is verbal another one is non verbal. The whole process starts from the sender who sends the message and ends with the receiver who receives the message (Koneru, 2010). Sometimes the whole communication process disturbs due to the effect of some elements and we consider these acts as barriers to effective communication. In this essay it is going to be discussing about those elements which acts as barriers to communication process. We will pick three major elements and discuss how these acts as barriers to communication process with respect to social and business field and lastly in conclusion where discussion will be made on final findings. Following are the Three Elements that act as Barriers to Effective Communication: Sender Barrier: Now days due to the globalization diverse communitys people are uniting in one place for doing a task in business organizations even in societies different communitys people have started living in one place. Not all people speak same language, therefore English language is considered as the most common and acceptable language in all business organizations, Due to the difference in language people dont understand what the other person is saying or the receiver may not be able to decode the actual meaning of those words what the sender is sending in the form of message this affects the interpersonal relationships between employees in the organization (Jureddi Brahmaiah, 2016). Not only this but also some times a sender may not able to speak properly in meetings or may not be able to deliver his speech in front of big audience due to the nervousness or criticism fear. This may results in barriers to effective communication (Lunenburg, 2010). Medium Barriers: Medium is another form of barrier in effective communication process, medium is the source through which a message or information get transferred from one place to another (Ramesh Ramesh, 2013). In many cases face to face communication for transferring a message is important, suppose a staff or a person sends an e-mail or a letter for that particular communication where face to face communication is necessary in that case effective communication will not happen rather it will become a barrier to the communication process because the actual source of medium has not been chosen for that particular communication process (Lunenburg, 2010). Decoding Barrier: Decoding means when a message or information is decoded by a receiver and the meaning of that message understood by the receiver (Ramesh Ramesh, 2013). Sometimes due to an improper decoding of message communication process get affected. There are some special words used in organizations to convey message from one end to another these are called Jargons suppose a newly appointed staff who does not have experience will face difficulties in understanding of meaning of those jargons, therefore it will lead to a decoding barrier to communication process. (Lunenburg, 2010). Conclusion From the above discussion it has cleared that conveying message or information clearly or fluently in oral form and using of appropriate word while writing a message is quite essential for effective communication, otherwise this can become barrier to communication process; because effective communication plays a key role for the success of any business organization even for our social life it is important in the aspect of better understandings in personal and interpersonal relationships and for better knowing of each others culture. References Jureddi, D. N., Brahmaiah, N. (2016). Barriers to Effective Communication. Journal of English Language and Literature, 3, 114-115. Koneru, A. (2010). Professional Communication. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Lunenburg, F. C. (2010). Communication: The Process, Barriers, and Improving Effectiveness. Ramesh, G., Ramesh, M., (2013). The Ace of Soft Skills. Noida: Pearson.

Wuthering Heights Essays (1268 words) - The Return Of The Native

Wuthering Heights The Power of Fate Fate, a term which seems to appear every so often in the everyday world, can be a powerful force when dealing with the predetermination of events. Whether in the past, present or future, fate can change how things were, or are supposed to be. As William Jennings Byran, a famous military colonel, once said, Destiny is not a matter of chance, it is not a matter of choice; it is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing which is to happen. Fate cannot be altered and is something which must happen to everyone and everything. As is the case with Thomas Hardys novel, Return of the Native. Without the element of fate, the plot of Return of the Native would have drastically changed because most of the events included in the plot would not have taken place. Every happening in the novel was important in adding to the plot and having its own significance, which made the novel the great story which it was and still is. Whether it was the deaths of Mrs. Yoebright, Eustacia, and Damon, or the other significant parts included in the plot, fate was reason for every one of them occurring. The plot to the novel begins about the time Eustacia discovers that Clym Yoebright is returning to the countryside. Since Clym was a diamond merchant, Eustacia believed that he could get her out of the Heath, Eustacias home and the very place she wants to flee. Believing that Damon, the man she is having a relationship with, would not be able to accomplish this task for her, she turns to Clym. The person who can very well be her ticket out of her homeland. Since this was meant to happen for Eustacia, it was her fate for Clym to return to the moors. By this happening, it creates the conflict between Mrs. Yoebright and her son Clym. When Clym begins to spend most of his time with Eustacia, his mother gets jealous and gives him an ultimatum of choosing between her and Eustacia. With him not making a decision, Mrs. Yoebright tells her son to cease living in the same household as her. With fate starting this conflict, when Clym came back home to the Moors, the same reason was to blame for the separation between the two characters. The reason being is that none of the characters could have prevented this from happening, simply because it was meant to be. With all these things happening, they set the fate for the three characters which die because of the unalterable events which cause them to occur. Firstly, the death of Mrs. Yoebright was a direct result of Fate because of how it came to Mrs. Yoebright attempting the walk to her sons home to make amends with him. Before this could happen, there had to be a string of events which made it her fate that she dies. These events began with the gambling of the inheritance money that Mrs. Yoebright gave to Christien to deliver to Clym and his cousin. The reason for her doing that was to try to get Clym to forgive her for throwing him out of her home, but of course, as the saying goes, what might go wrong, can and will. On the way to deliver the money, Christien runs into a group bound for gambling, where he enters a lottery and wins. This encourages Christien to bet the inheritance with Damon Wildeve, since he believes that he will go on a lucky winning streak. After winning the money from Christien, Damon is challenged by Diggory Venn, who in turn, wins the money from Wildeve. Fate takes a hold of Mrs. Yoebright, when she doesnt hear from her son after believing that he had received the money. The reason for her going to visit Clym. But when nobody answers the door and she leaves disappointed to make the long walk back home, when she faints and dies of an Adder bite. Mrs. Yoebright could not have done anything to change what happened to her, because it just was supposed to happen the way it did. With the death of Mrs. Yoebright, it was

Free World Population Growth Essay Sample

Free World Population Growth Essay SampleIt is a basic fact that the natural world is depleted at its annual fertility rate and there are those who are claiming to have ways to halt this massive process of death and birth. This is a topic of vital importance and one could be very well aware of its magnitude when dealing with different issues pertaining to it.One could well be concerned about this or feel sorry for those who are passing away due to this unavoidable process of dying and birth. This has been going on for a very long time now and the causes, factors and causes are quite many. There could be reasons why fertility rates have seen an increased decline over the years.Now that you have a better understanding of the facts and figures and the need for more information about this subject, it is a good idea to seek the help of experts on the subject of world population growth and its possible solutions. Today we shall talk about a free world population growth essay sample which d eals with a wide variety of topics.Each and every case is unique and must be dealt with the best means available in that particular case. In other words, not all cases would be similar but it would be possible to find similarities in them as well. Therefore, you should determine the areas which could help you in finding solutions to your particular problems.Once you are done analyzing these two kinds of essay samples, the two side points of the topic of fertility rates and its decrease will come into focus. You could then select a free world population growth essay sample that comes with the best ideas on the subject.Methods of conceiving a child have changed and it seems that science and technology are becoming more interesting and innovative. They have taken so much of a toll on women's health and they are also creating an environment that is so harsh and adverse for a woman's body that she cannot possibly reproduce.There are so many other factors that go into the discussion on th e topic of world population growth and their solutions. Some are more significant than others and the solution which would work the best will vary depending on a lot of different factors.In general, if you want to find a free world population growth essay sample which deals with a large variety of topics, you can always look for something that can give you the solutions to your problems. You may find that there are some concepts that can be applied to your situation to make sure that your body is able to take on the responsibilities of producing babies.

Free Essays on Could Parkinsons Have A Cure

Could there be a Cure for Parkinson’s The article by Nicholas Wade, â€Å"Promising Results Are Seen in Small Parkinson’s Trial†, has a very good explanation on a new experiment tried on five patients to attempt to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a disease that kills neurons that produce dopamine, a nerve-to-nerve messenger. This disease results in bad control of muscles and movements, tremors, spells of rigidity, and even loss of smell and/or taste. For many years doctors have been trying to develop a substance that would counter act the depletion of dopamine in the brain. One of the supplements they came up with was L-dopa, which works very well but with time its effectiveness decreases. Physicians have tried implanting dopamine-making cells taken from fetuses, but this experiment produced negative results. Then doctors found that it was a hormone that would promote the making of these cells. In past trials thus hormone was injected into the fluid filled in the center of the brain, but this trial resulted in no positive results because the hormone was too large to migrate to where it needed to go in the brain. From this experience Dr. Gill and Dr. Svendsen decided that GDNF should be placed in the part of the patients brain with the largest deficiency in dopamine. This experiment involves the implantation of small battery operated pumps in the patient’s abdomen. The pump would deliver a â€Å"steady trickle of GDNF† that would run through an extremely thin through the body into the putamen. This experiment gave very positive results, with a general improvement in the health of the five patients that were treated in this trial. This was a very well written article; everything was very well explained, simple and easy to read. This article is very important because there are many people that are affected by this disease. One person that is well known with Parkinson’s is... Free Essays on Could Parkinsons Have A Cure Free Essays on Could Parkinsons Have A Cure Could there be a Cure for Parkinson’s The article by Nicholas Wade, â€Å"Promising Results Are Seen in Small Parkinson’s Trial†, has a very good explanation on a new experiment tried on five patients to attempt to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is a disease that kills neurons that produce dopamine, a nerve-to-nerve messenger. This disease results in bad control of muscles and movements, tremors, spells of rigidity, and even loss of smell and/or taste. For many years doctors have been trying to develop a substance that would counter act the depletion of dopamine in the brain. One of the supplements they came up with was L-dopa, which works very well but with time its effectiveness decreases. Physicians have tried implanting dopamine-making cells taken from fetuses, but this experiment produced negative results. Then doctors found that it was a hormone that would promote the making of these cells. In past trials thus hormone was injected into the fluid filled in the center of the brain, but this trial resulted in no positive results because the hormone was too large to migrate to where it needed to go in the brain. From this experience Dr. Gill and Dr. Svendsen decided that GDNF should be placed in the part of the patients brain with the largest deficiency in dopamine. This experiment involves the implantation of small battery operated pumps in the patient’s abdomen. The pump would deliver a â€Å"steady trickle of GDNF† that would run through an extremely thin through the body into the putamen. This experiment gave very positive results, with a general improvement in the health of the five patients that were treated in this trial. This was a very well written article; everything was very well explained, simple and easy to read. This article is very important because there are many people that are affected by this disease. One person that is well known with Parkinson’s is...

Humor, Satire, Irony, and Parody Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humor, Satire, Irony, and Parody - Essay Example Z.† by M. Carl Holman, â€Å"A Visit from St. Sigmund† by K.J. Kennedy, and â€Å"AD† Kenneth Fearing. The sources will be identified first, then genre and themes will be discussed with that source. â€Å"Will and Grace† is first and foremost a drama. Since it involves actors it is a drama. Drama means to do in Greek, so some action must be taking place in a drama. In this particular episode, Will hurts his leg and becomes addicted to pills. While serious, some humor is involved in this particular episode. An example is when Will finds a tic tac instead of a pain killer. Irony was also be used in this episode. One example is when Grace exclaims â€Å"Crack whores are sneaky!† She does not mean Will is a crack whore, but is acting like one. Drama is mixed with irony and humor in this â€Å"Will and Grace† episode. This episode explains in a light way how a person can become addicted without even realizing it. â€Å"A Visit from St. Sigmund† by K.J. Kennedy is a parody and full of satire. This is formed in a poetry form. Taking the form of â€Å"A Night Before Christmas† this author chooses to attack Sigmund Freud and his psychotherapy. Parodies attack things the authors do not approve. Obviously in this poem, Kennedy does not approve of Sigmund Freud and his theories. Throughout the poem, psychology terms are used loosely. â€Å"Not an Ego was stirring, not even an Id,† or He drove a wheeled couch pulled by five fat psychoses† use Freud’s terms like Id, Ego, and psychoses with almost scorn. The line â€Å"And Mamma with her bar off and I on her lap† is a direct slap at Freud’s Oedipus complex. Kennedy mocks Freud in a blatant attempt to discredit him with parody. The satire is used in all of the above because the human vices Freud is trying to cure seems to be dismissed by Kennedy. â€Å"AD† by Kenneth Fearing is a poem that uses irony. This is a poem that was written during the

First Contact, or How I had Acquired a Grown-up Friend Essay

First Contact, or How I had Acquired a Grown-up Friend - Essay Example I loved television because it introduced new ideas, new imagery, new places, new people. My parents firmly believed that home should be both the center and periphery of a child’s life and that television is an unhealthy distraction. I was kept busy in the house, or hanging out laundry in the backyard, and television was regulated at one or two hours each month. Consequently, my world stayed very small, for many years. When I came to realize that resistance was futile, I cooperated with my assimilation to this Borg-type collective, in the interest of survival. My longing for unrestricted access to a window was hidden inside me, waiting to be awakened. The day of my awakening was a summer scorcher, I dressed in the shortest shorts and the thinnest T-shirt my mother would allow, and wiggled around on a sticky kitchen chair, staring at my pancakes and syrup, looking for images and the suggestion of something more than here. Eventually, they tired of me and I was dismissed to do ch ores, I watered the potted plants, checked on the slimy avocado pit I was sprouting in the windowsill, straightened up the surfaces of my bedroom, dusted our living room bookshelf and the barely-ever-used television screen, and washed the breakfast dishes. I relieved the washing machine of its load of floral sheets and bath towels, cycled the night before. I had done my homework to its rhythm. They had a faint overnight musty smell. I wrinkled my sunburned nose and placed the laundry in the red plastic tub, which still had the sticky adhesive residue that originally held its price in place. Using dishwater-shriveled, white, poufy-fingered hands, and a skinny pre-pubescent hip to wedge the tub against, I carried the sheets and towels to the backyard, to hang on the clothesline. The birds had left white pasty souvenirs of their digestive adventures again. After washing away the abstract deposits, I looked around the backyard with some satisfaction. Hanging laundry was, by far, my favo rite chore. It provided a private world, in which I could day-dream to my heart’s content. Day-dreaming is like television, except you get to write your own story and choose your own characters and even be the star actress if you want. The best thing going for it is that nobody could see it except me, so there was no one reacting to my watching it, or lecturing me on how it’s unhealthy and ruining my mind. Sometimes I would indulge myself in repetitive plots. I had crash-landed on a remote island, with no parents at all. There was a cave with a stream running through it and lots of berries and zucchini and tomatoes and a chocolate tree outside. A lifetime supply of pasta and meat sauce had crash-landed there with me, along with cases of sliced processed cheese, so I was happy. There were many rooms in the cave and each held new wonders to explore, things like chests of jewelry and exotic costumes, boxes of books, endless art supplies, a music box.

Current issue of media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Current issue of media - Research Paper Example Traditional media is further divided into two: electronic and print media, where electronic media refers to television and radio and print refers to all print media like newspapers and magazines. Digital Media or New media includes the internet, cellphones and other mobile devices. Like every invention, the media too has its pros and cons. These give birth to our topic of discussion i.e. current issues in the media and their solutions. Since traditional media allows controlled communication of information, it serves as a source of promoting tradition and culture. The reason why traditional media holds such importance is because it targets to the masses. The positive aspect of this media is by far greater than that of new media, but, being a mass media it can play a significant role in shaping the minds of the people. Societal aggravations are greatly heated up with the wrong portrayal through the mass media. Thus, it can be said that this is the biggest flaw in the traditional media is the uncontrolled flow of information. This information needs to be monitored carefully as this kind of media ensures wide-spread coverage of the content. On a societal scale, the inappropriateness of the content is one issue that has been highlighted for decades now (Garry 215). The nature of programs, even cartoons for that matter, is deemed unhealthy owing to explicit subliminal messages and violent actions shown in them. However, this comes with a simple solution like selected viewership options, child-locks etc. Newspapers are by far the safest media as far as keeping the societal harmony and values intact is concerned. The content is highly filtered and relatively less aggravating as the other mediums. That being said, Advertising has seen a positive trend in the recent years. With the clutter of hundreds and thousands of brands, each trying to get their share in the market, there is an increase in the marketing clutter on the traditional mass media. Whether these brands ind ulge in ethical advertising is another debate altogether, but the media should be responsible to ensure that at least misleading product ads and infomercials are not given airtime, as it demonstrates false information which is against the ethics of a media aimed at targeting the masses. With the advent of technology, the birth of the internet, mobile devices etc. have brought about a change in the popularity of the mass traditional media. The importance and ‘mass coverage’ element is still intact, though there is a rapid shift of the people towards other media like e-papers, e-news, websites, social networking sites, blogs etc. Where these media stand for technological advancement, modernity and mobility, there are several issues attached to them as well. The basic change in media has been because of the introduction of two mediums, namely, the internet and the cellphones. The internet has brought about a positive change in the world through its endless benefits, some o f which are absolute connectivity, availability of information on almost every topic in the world, Job search and hiring, interactive Marketing Avenue for companies, readily available product review, online education opportunities, and video conferencing programs like Skype etc. But, like mentioned earlier, everything comes with its pros and cons, so does this highly beneficial media. People can

Different Forms of Satire in Jonathan Swift’s Gullivers Travels Essay

Gulliver’s Travels, had an exceedingly great impression on myself as it had been read, though there had been components of the story where extreme moments of satire had been used to cover up some real life events during the time that Jonathan Swift lived. Jonathan swift a great writer, used many forms of satire in his fictional novel Gulliver’s Travels, the way he portrayed his characters were to be people around him in real life, however mostly about nations, what I mean by that is metaphors. Also an abundance of examples on situational irony that Swift used in this short story. Jonathan Swift had used many forms of satire during his writing of Gulliver’s Travels, he used this form of writing to express a unique way of sending a message to the real world, and Jonathan Swift’s wagering of using of satire was to send a message, that their present ruler did not have some characteristics that rulers needed to have during their eras of being a king and such, s o he expressed whatever was needed to be expressed in the form of satire in his novel Gulliver’s Travels. As it has already b...

Federal Budget for 2001

This country has been dealing with a budget deficit for many years now. In an attempt to change this, on June 29, Congress voted in favor of HConRes67 that called for a 7-year plan to balance the Federal Budget by the year 2001. This would be done by incorporating $894 billion in spending cuts by 2002, with a projected 7-year tax cut of $245 billion. If this plan were implemented, in the year 2002, the U. S. Government would have the first balanced budget since 1969. Current budget plans are dependent on somewhat unrealistic predictions of avoiding such catastrophes as recession, national disasters, etc. and include minor loopholes. History has shown that every budget agreement that has failed was too loose. One might remember the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings bill that attempted to balance the budget, but left too many exemptions, and was finally abandoned in 1990. So after a pain-staking trial for GOP Republicans to create, promote, and pass their budget, as promised on campaign trail 94, Clinton rejected the very bill he demanded. This essentially brought the federal budget back to square one. Clinton thought such a demand on Republicans to produce a budget would produce inner-party quarrels and cause the GOP to implode. Instead, they produced a fiscal budget that passed both houses of Congress, only to be deadlocked by a stubborn Democratic President Clinton. Meanwhile, Clinton bounced back with a CBO scored plan with lighter, less risky cuts to politically sensitive areas like entitlements. Clinton†s plan also saved dollars for education and did not include a tax increase, but most cuts would not take effect until he is out of office, in the year 2001. Although Clinton is sometimes criticized for producing a stalemate in budget talks, the White House points out that the debt has gone down since Clinton took office, with unemployment also falling. Republicans are quick to state that Clinton originally increased taxes in 1993 and cut defense programs, but his overall plan was for an increasing budget without deficit reduction. As of 1996, the national debt was at an all time high of $5 trillion dollars, with interest running at a whopping $250 billion per year. This equals out to an individual responsibility of more than $50,000 per taxpayer. Nearly 90% of that debt has accumulated since 1970, and between 1980 and 1995, the debt grew by 500%. Currently, the debt grows by more than $10,000 per second, and at current rates, our government is about to reach its breaking point. If that†s not enough to scare a taxpayer, by 2002, 60% of government spending will be for entitlements, and by 2012, these programs are projected to take up all government revenue. Not only economic development, but also family income is hurt by debt. With the cost of living going up, it becomes harder to find a job. According to the Concord Coalition, real wages peaked in 1973 and have gone down ever since. If the economy grew as fast as it did in 1950, without a debt, the median family income would be $50,000, compared to the present median of $35,000. As of current fiscal year†s budget, the United States government spends $1. 64 trillion yearly, $500 billion of that, or 1/3 of the total, is for discretionary spending. This discretionary spending is the target for most cuts, and seems to be the easiest to make cuts in. Overall, the difference between the two parties' budget plans is only $400 billion. This could easily be trimmed by eliminating tax cut and adjusting the consumer price index to reality. Democrats say the GOP plan is too lopsided, and Republicans criticize the Democrat plan for being unrealistic. A study by the Urban Institute shows GOP cuts will be felt mainly by the bottom 1/5 of U. S. population. This should be more equally spread out across income brackets. By fulfilling campaign promises made by freshman Republican Congressmen to cut government spending, the GOP managed to pass a $1. 6 trillion budget resolution by a party-line vote, in both houses of Congress. This budget called for major cuts in education, environmental programs, discretionary spending, and the largest of all: entitlements. 70% of the money to balance the budget under the GOP plan would have come from entitlements. This is because entitlement programs currently take up $301 billion a year. Such cuts had already been partially implemented with the GOP cutting overall spending by 9. 1% in 1996 alone. First, in an attempt to stop the projected bankruptcy of Medicare in 2002, Republicans cut $270 billion overall from the program, with hospital reimbursement cuts being the deepest. Although stabilizing the fund is only expected to cost $130-$150 billion over 7 years, the GOP budget would reform the program to run better, and cheaper, by allowing it to grow at 6% yearly, instead of the current 10%. While both parties agree on premium hikes for beneficiaries, this is a touchy subject for the 38. 1 million elderly voters on Medicare. Medicaid, another volatile program, would be cut $182 billion under the GOP proposal. This would entail placing a cap on the program†s spending, and passing control of it to the individual state governments. For an estimated 39 million low-income people on Medicaid in 1996, the GOP plan cuts the program far more than Clinton†s proposed $98 billion cut. Social Security is another program being cut. The government has already reduced the outlay for seniors 70 and younger who are on the program, but Republicans want more by increasing the eligibility for Social Security from 62 to 65 for early retirement, and 65 to 70 for standard retirement. Smaller cuts included $11 billion in student loan reductions, $9. 3 billion in labor cuts, $10 billion eliminated from public housing programs, and several other numerous disaster relief programs cut. The GOP also wants to eliminate programs initiated by Clinton like the National Service initiative, summer jobs, Goals 2000, and Americorps. Along with terminating unnecessary farm programs, and cutting others by $12. 3 billion. Republicans hope to cut the yearly $6 billion that the Federal Government spends on direct subsidies to farmers. Agricultural policies were also reformed and embedded into budget-reconciliation bills. Clinton†s budget only surfaced after he vetoed the budget passed by Congress, and included shallower cuts, with little or no reform to entitlements. This plan was supported by most Democrats and was used as an alternate to a gutsy GOP budget. Clinton repeatedly trashed the Republican†s efforts to make cuts on programs he feels important like student loans, agricultural programs, and entitlements. He accused Republicans of wanting to kill some all together. He has also threatened to veto a Republican plan to reform Medicare called Medical Savings Accounts, unless his programs are left intact. Under Federal law, the President is required to submit budget requests in 2 forms: Budget Authority, the amount of new federal commitments for each fiscal year, and outlays, the amount actually spent in the fiscal year. The plan that Clinton has presented is not only a budget resolution in the form of a campaign document, but also proof of how far the Republicans have moved him to compromise since the they took control of Congress. Most important, it does not readily translate into regular accounting principles used for government programming. This year†s White House budget was a 2,196 page document that the GOP struck down immediately for not cutting taxes enough and neglecting to downsize the government. Among largest cuts within Clinton†s plan was the downsizing of 1/5 to 1/3 of all programs that he felt were not a priority to present day government. In addition, he wanted to close loopholes presented to corporate taxation, that would save an estimated $28 billion. He vowed to keep programs like education, crime prevention, and research or environmental grants. Attention was also placed on discretionary spending, with Clinton cutting a smaller $297 billion compared to GOP†s $394 billion cut. According to the Office of Management and Budget, the President†s plan cuts middle-income taxes by $107. 5 billion in 7 years, small business by $7 billion, and cuts $3. 4 billion from distressed urban and rural area relief. This was to be paid for by a $54. billion hike in corporate and wealthy-income taxes, and also in $2. 3 billion of tighter EITC (Earned Income Tax credit) adjustments. Although Clinton†s plan was expected to cut a whopping $593 billion in 7 years to furthermore produce an $8 billion surplus in 2002, most cuts are long term without a clear goal. Republicans sometimes criticize Clinton for unwillingness to compromise. He has used vetoes and stubborn negotiations to protect personal priorities like education, job training, and environmental programs, but Republicans have also tried using domination to force him to comply. One must remember that President Clinton does have somewhat of an overwhelming power in this debate that Republicans can do nothing about. He is the single person that can veto laws sent to him, and also has the power to call Congress back into session if he is unhappy with the current situation. This was President Truman†s â€Å"ace in the hole† back in 1948. One of the ways we are currently reducing the deficit includes the introduction of â€Å"means testing. † This means that people would get entitlements based on need. The government already has reduced Social Security for modest income seniors' age 70 and younger, but budget cutters want to broaden that idea. There are 2 major problems with means testing. First, it is considered inherently unfair. Some might argue that a person might blow all of their income before the entitlement reductions come into place. Second, it might reduce the incentive to work and encourage people to hide their income. For instance, beneficiaries of Social Security, ages 62-64, lose $1. 00 yearly in benefits for every $2. 00 they earn in income or wages above $8,160 per year. Some say increasing eligibility requirements would solve some problems, and propose raising the age of early retirement from 62 to 65, and standard retirement from 65 to 70. Another touchy subject in budget reduction is the argument that the poor are being left out of savings. According to the Clinton Administration, the GOP budget would cause a family with income of $13,325 per year to lose 11% of their income. United States Treasury Department studies say the bottom 1/5 income families would have net tax increase of an average $12 to $26 under the GOP plan. The top 1/5 income families would receive more than 60% of the tax relief. A HHS analysis states that the GOP plan would also boost child poverty rates from 14. 5% to 16. 1%, and poor families with children would loose 6% of their income. In the end, budget reduction is no easy task. The center of attention for debate on budget cutting is politics, and whoever takes responsibility for reform gets left wide open to criticism. Although Congress and Clinton have spent the past year on debating the budget and the size of the Federal Government, most plans fall back on gimmicks, loopholes, and long-term plans. Even Democrats now agree to downsize the government, but the two parties disagree on how and where. As we trust our elected officials to make decisions in Washington on our behalf, we must show interest and aptitude on the end results. Countries like Sweden and Canada have successfully reformed fiscal policies. Sweden†s government elected to abandon welfare, pensions, health insurance, unemployment programs, family assistance, and child allowances. Their deficit soon fell by 3. 5% of GDP in one year alone. Sweden†s plan was three times as intense as Congress† current plan, while cutting spending in half the time. As for cuts, everyone must suffer. Older Americans have good reason to protect programs that they have paid into for years, but those programs spend an overall per capita amount of 11 times as much on elderly than that spent on children altogether. The youth are the future of America, and we should protect them too. Currently, poverty in US is 3 times as likely to affect the very young than the very old. By balancing the budget, â€Å"interest rates come down, the economy picks up – we will rebound,† says Representative James Greenwood, and everyone should be happy with that.